What is photobiomodulation therapy?

Recommendation: Photobiomodulation (laser) therapy is a cutting-edge technology in the industry. In order to provide accurate and cutting-edge professional literature for physicians, we have selected relevant content, hoping that physicians can better understand this technology and provide more treatment methods in the diagnosis and treatment process.
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a phototherapy based on a photochemical process called photobiomodulation (PBM). In photobiomodulation therapy, the light source is close to or in contact with the skin, and the light energy penetrates the skin to reach the mitochondria of damaged or diseased tissues, thereby achieving photobiomodulation. This process can produce beneficial therapeutic outcomes, such as pain relief, inflammation control, immune regulation, and promotion of tissue regeneration.
As currently understood in scientific literature, the basic principles supporting photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy are relatively simple. It is widely believed that applying therapeutic doses of light to damaged or dysfunctional tissues can lead to cellular responses mediated by mitochondrial mechanisms, thereby reducing pain and inflammation and accelerating healing.
The main target (chromophore) of this process is cytochrome c complex, which exists in the inner membrane of cell mitochondria. Cytochrome C is an important component of the electron transport chain that drives cellular metabolism. When light is absorbed, cytochrome c is stimulated, leading to an increase in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that promotes intracellular energy transfer. In addition to ATP, laser stimulation also produces free nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Nitric oxide is a powerful vasodilator and an important cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological processes.
Reactive oxygen species have been shown to affect many important physiological signaling pathways, including inflammatory responses. The synergistic effect of these signaling molecul